Dural Arteriovenous Shunt Classifications
Society of Neurointerventional Surgery Standard and Guideline Committee (SNIS S&G) Classification (2015)
1. No Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR)
1a. Asymptomatic
1b. Symptomatic
2. Presence of Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR)
2a. Asymptomatic
2b. Symptomatic
Zipfel Classification (2009)
1. Dural sinus drainage
2. Dural sinus drainage + Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR)
2+Asymptomatic
2+Symptomatic
3. Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR) only
Original description was for cortical venous drainage.
Cognard Classification (1995)
1. Antegrade sinus drainage
2a. Retrograde sinus drainage
2b. Antegrade sinus drainage + Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR)
2a+b. Retrograde sinus drainage + Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR)
3. Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR) only
4. Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR) + venous ectasia
5. Spinal perimedullary drainage
Borden Classification (1995)
1. Direct sinus drainage
2. Sinus drainage + Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR)
3. Cortical Venous Reflux (CVR) only
Baltsavias Classification (2014)
D-E-S system
D: Directness of leptomeningeal venous drainage
E: Exclusivity of leptomeningeal venous drainage
S: Venous strain
n: No
D-E-S: Borden 3/Cognard 3 or 4, D-E-nS: Borden 3/Cognard 3, D-nE-S: Borden 2/Cognard 2b
D-nE-nS: Borden 2/Cognard 2b, nD-E-S: Borden 3/Cognard 4, nD-E-nS: Borden 3/Cognard 2b or 3
nD-nE-S: Borden 2/Cognard 2b or 2a+b, nD-nE-nS: Borden 2/Cognard 2b or 2a+b
Reference:
Lee, Seon-Kyu, et al. “Standard and guidelines: intracranial dural arteriovenous shunts.” Journal of neurointerventional surgery 9.5 (2017): 516-523.
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